The redox biology of redox-inert zinc ions

Redox State and Redox Environment in Biology

Cells and tissues must maintain a reducing environment to survive. This reducing environment provides the electrochemical gradient needed for electron flow. This movement of electrons provides the energy needed to build and maintain cellular structures and associated functions. An array of redox couples is responsible for the electron transfer. Some of these redox couples are linked to each oth...

Redox Biology of Exercise

1Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62110 Serres, Greece 2Department of Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA 3Centre for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/II, 8010 Graz, Austria 4Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalach...

The Direct Electrochemical Investigation of Redox Enzymes

Even though the use of enzymes as useful analytical reagents when immobilized onto a transducer such as an electrochemical device has been reported in the literature for nearly two decades, the direct, i.e. unmediated electrochemistry of enzymes is, nevertheless, a rather recent development. Efforts will be made to introduce the fundamental basis for protein-surface interactions with emphas...

Redox Biology on the rise.

Redox reactions are at the heart of bioenergetics, yet their biological role is not restricted to metabolism. One specific focus of contemporary Redox Biology is the study of how the folding, stability, activity, and interactivity of proteins are subject to redox control. Key questions pertain to the chemical nature of physiological redox changes and their exact location inside the cell, the na...

Redox Biology and Immunology